What factor must be absent for market value to be accurately defined?

For market value to be accurately defined, the presence of compulsion or undue influence must be absent. Market value is fundamentally based on the voluntary and mutual agreement between buyers and sellers under normal conditions. When individuals are compelled or influenced unduly—whether through coercion, manipulation, or pressure—the transaction may not reflect the true value of the asset. Instead, it could lead to an over or undervaluation, distorting the actual market conditions and the price that would be agreed upon in a fair and open market. This absence ensures that the valuation reflects genuine willingness on both sides, leading to a more accurate representation of market dynamics.

In contrast, the presence of willing buyers, willing sellers, and market demand are essential components of a healthy marketplace, where value is determined through voluntary exchanges and competitive pricing.